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Smoke Detector V Smoke Alarm -  Is System Code Compliant
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Ken
    re the issue of code compliance in residential fire alarm systems or fire alarm equipment.
    A similar question was asked in the 2013 Edition of the NFPA72 Handbook (handbook combines comments from the authors of NFPA72 Code).  NOTE:  the term “Smoke Detector” is part of a fire alarm system while a “Smoke Alarm” includes the detection and warning components all in one unit (typically installed by electricians) and does not require a control unit for power and supervision.  The question appears in Chapter 29, paragraph A.29.3.3, “Does the Code permit the use of both smoke alarms and smoke detectors?”  The Code Committee or Authors response was, “If multiple-station smoke alarms exist in a dwelling unit and fully satisfy the number, location, and installation requirements of the Code, and the homeowner then has a combination fire and burglar alarm system installed, system smoke detectors can be added to the home in new locations without duplication of smoke alarm locations.” 
    The above information simply answers the original question, but there are other factors that must be considered in order to meet code.  Mr. Zwirn is absolutely correct about the installation of new devices in accordance with NFPA72 because there are other considerations.  In reference to Smoke Alarms,  Paragraph 14.4.7.1 in part states “-----but shall not remain in service longer than 10 years from the date of manufacture.”   Basically, if smoke alarms are older than 10 years old, and have not been replaced, they will not meet code, or they should be completely replaced to meet code. As such, new supplemental devices may be installed as long as the original one and two family dwelling smoke alarm devices met code when they were installed AND the devices are not more than 10 years old.   Also, reference paragraph 14.4.7 and subparagraphs relating to inspection, testing, and maintenance implies that if the existing smoke alarms do not meet code because of the 10 year rule,  you cannot simply add supplemental coverage.  Therefore, the implication is that if you do add supplemental coverage without a code compliant device already existing, you would be liable for any consequences.  Also note that Smoke Detectors are excluded from these guidelines. 
    Also, you cannot simply add one or two smoke detectors to a smoke alarm to make the system code compliant.  Reference the authors comments under paragraph 29.5 which states “The mixing of smoke alarms and smoke detectors to satisfy the minimum siting requirements is not permitted.”
    Bottom line is do not assume the existing smoke alarm system is code compliant just because one exists without proper documentation, or you may find that you have added a few supplemental devices in violation of code requirements. 
Roy A. Horn
Commercial & Industrial Electronics, Inc
Wichita Falls, TX 
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RESPONSE
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    Watch for laws requiring smoke detectors with non removable batteries with 10 year life span.  
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QUESTION RE REPLACING BATTERIES
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Ken, 
    Do you know of any code , or common sense, that would prevent an alarm company from replacing back up batteries on a standalone, Code compliant, electrician installed, residential fire alarm system. They are starting to get low and the customer requested if we could provide this service to replace them.  We provide security alarm monitoring, and do not wish to become obligated or liable to the smokes installed by electricians. Thanks. 
Best regards, 
Sammy 
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RESPONSE
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    The Standard Form All in One Agreements all exclude battery replacement as included service.  That doesn't mean that you can't agree to replace batteries.  It's just an item that is excluded in case you forget to mention it.  Unless the battery operated device is connected to the system and capable of communicating low battery you would have no way of knowing battery replacement was necessary unless you did an inspection.  Even a policy that includes an annual inspection may not pick up an expired or faulty battery which is one reason the alarm contracts place the onus on the end user to identify and replace non working batteries.  If you agree to be responsible for batteries then make sure you follow through with your undertaking.
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